Vietnam residence and citizenship

DT3 investor temporary residence card

Foreign investor or representative contributing VND 3 billion to under VND 50 billion. VND 3 billion / 25,610 VND per USD = USD 117,141.74. Card may last up to three years; USD 155 fee applies only if issued over two years, otherwise USD 145. Five working days for a complete card dossier maps to max one month, no lower bound. Ordinary citizenship needs five years after PR card issuance and separate approval; no automatic investor route. Eligibility follows investment, not nationality.

Sources: 2026 consolidated immigration law: investor visas (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), 2026 consolidated law: residence card eligibility and validity (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), Temporary residence card service, fee and decision time (Ministry of Public Security), 2025 consolidated Nationality Law Article 19 (Vietnam Official Gazette), Permanent residence clock for naturalization (Ho Chi Minh City Official Gazette), Vietnamese nationality application conditions (Embassy of Vietnam in Australia), NCB USD/VND average interbank rate, 9 November 2026 (National Citizen Bank, summary)

DT2 investor temporary residence card

Foreign investor or representative contributing VND 50 billion to under VND 100 billion, or investing in a government-encouraged sector; the latter has no universal floor. VND 50 billion / 25,610 VND per USD = USD 1,952,362.36. Card may last up to five years; USD 155 fee is for a card over two and up to five years. Five working days for a complete card dossier maps to max one month, no lower bound. Ordinary citizenship requires five years after PR card issuance and separate approval; no investor-specific PR entitlement. Eligibility follows investment, not nationality.

Sources: 2026 consolidated immigration law: investor visas (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), 2026 consolidated law: residence card eligibility and validity (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), Temporary residence card service, fee and decision time (Ministry of Public Security), 2025 consolidated Nationality Law Article 19 (Vietnam Official Gazette), Permanent residence clock for naturalization (Ho Chi Minh City Official Gazette), Vietnamese nationality application conditions (Embassy of Vietnam in Australia), NCB USD/VND average interbank rate, 9 November 2026 (National Citizen Bank, summary)

DT1 investor temporary residence card

Foreign investor or representative contributing VND 100 billion or more, or investing in a government-prioritized sector/area; the latter has no universal capital floor. VND 100 billion / 25,610 VND per USD = USD 3,904,724.72. Card may last up to 10 years. USD 165 is the card fee for 5–10 years; visa, business setup and renewal costs are separate. Five working days from a complete card dossier maps to a maximum of one month, with no lower bound. Ordinary naturalization requires five years after PR card issuance and separate approval; investment alone does not grant PR or citizenship. Eligibility follows investment and documentation, not nationality.

Sources: 2026 consolidated immigration law: investor visas (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), 2026 consolidated law: residence card eligibility and validity (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), Temporary residence card service, fee and decision time (Ministry of Public Security), 2025 consolidated Nationality Law Article 19 (Vietnam Official Gazette), Permanent residence clock for naturalization (Ho Chi Minh City Official Gazette), Vietnamese nationality application conditions (Embassy of Vietnam in Australia), NCB USD/VND average interbank rate, 9 November 2026 (National Citizen Bank, summary)

DT4 small investor visa (no temporary residence card)

DT4 visa lasts at most one year and is absent from the statutory temporary-residence-card list. USD 25 is the single-entry visa fee; multiple-entry fees differ. A visa is not permanent residence, and its renewal or time counting toward nationality is not established. No bounded decision time is cited. Eligibility follows documented investment, not passport group.

Sources: 2026 consolidated immigration law: investor visas (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), 2026 consolidated law: residence card eligibility and validity (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), 2025 consolidated Nationality Law Article 19 (Vietnam Official Gazette), Permanent residence clock for naturalization (Ho Chi Minh City Official Gazette), Vietnamese nationality application conditions (Embassy of Vietnam in Australia), 2026 visa and permanent residence card fee schedule (Government of Vietnam News, summary)

Ordinary permanent residence — specified categories

Restricted to medal-winning contributors, minister-recommended scientists/experts, Vietnamese-citizen-sponsored parents/spouses/children after three continuous temporary-residence years, and long-resident stateless persons. Lawful accommodation and stable income required. Three years is only the Vietnamese-family category's PR wait; there is no general work/investor PR clock. Decision within four months, extendable two for verification, hence max six months and no lower bound. USD 100 is the card issuance fee; other costs are separate. Ordinary nationality needs five years from PR card issuance; family exceptions may apply. Eligibility follows the statutory categories.

Sources: 2026 consolidated law Articles 39–41: permanent residence (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), Permanent residence card service (Ministry of Public Security), 2025 consolidated Nationality Law Article 19 (Vietnam Official Gazette), Permanent residence clock for naturalization (Ho Chi Minh City Official Gazette), Vietnamese nationality application conditions (Embassy of Vietnam in Australia), 2026 visa and permanent residence card fee schedule (Government of Vietnam News, summary)

International Financial Center permanent residence

Major IFC investors, experts, scientists, special talents or senior managers with at least three consecutive years of qualifying IFC work and competent authority approval. No stated investment minimum. USD 100 is the general permanent-residence card issuance fee; no IFC-specific surcharge is established. Minister's decision within two months, extendable one for verification, so max three months and no lower bound. Ordinary citizenship needs five years after PR card issuance and separate approval. Eligibility follows IFC work and endorsement.

Sources: 2025 consolidated Nationality Law Article 19 (Vietnam Official Gazette), Permanent residence clock for naturalization (Ho Chi Minh City Official Gazette), Vietnamese nationality application conditions (Embassy of Vietnam in Australia), Decree 327/2025 IFC residence and PR (Government of Vietnam News, summary), 2026 visa and permanent residence card fee schedule (Government of Vietnam News, summary)

UĐ1 high-quality digital technology talent residence

High-quality digital technology industry personnel or other persons eligible under a National Assembly incentive law/resolution. UĐ1 card can last up to ten years. USD 165 is the 5–10-year card fee. Card decision within five working days after complete filing maps to max one month, no lower bound. No investment floor or automatic PR; ordinary naturalization needs five years after a separate PR card. Eligibility follows the named statutory talent category.

Sources: 2026 consolidated law: UĐ1 talent class (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), 2026 consolidated law: residence card eligibility and validity (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), Temporary residence card service, fee and decision time (Ministry of Public Security), 2025 consolidated Nationality Law Article 19 (Vietnam Official Gazette), Permanent residence clock for naturalization (Ho Chi Minh City Official Gazette), Vietnamese nationality application conditions (Embassy of Vietnam in Australia)

International Financial Center UĐ1 residence

Foreign major investors, experts, scientists, managers and skilled workers at entities headquartered in Vietnam's International Financial Center. The special decree's government description gives a three-working-day issuance ceiling, mapped to max one month; no lower bound. Card validity is up to ten years under the consolidated immigration law. Separate IFC PR eligibility exists after three consecutive work years; ordinary citizenship needs five years after PR card issuance. Eligibility follows IFC role and official nomination.

Sources: 2026 consolidated law: residence card eligibility and validity (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), 2025 consolidated Nationality Law Article 19 (Vietnam Official Gazette), Permanent residence clock for naturalization (Ho Chi Minh City Official Gazette), Vietnamese nationality application conditions (Embassy of Vietnam in Australia), Decree 327/2025 IFC residence and PR (Government of Vietnam News, summary)

LD2 employer-sponsored work residence

Foreign employee with a Vietnamese employer and work permit. The permit decision has a 10-working-day statutory bound; card issuance is a separate five-working-day stage, so no single end-to-end processing bound is asserted. A work card may last up to two years and costs USD 145. Salary is not an investment; no investment floor or established annual renewal charge. Ordinary citizenship requires five years after obtaining a permanent-residence card, and this work card does not itself lead to PR. Eligibility follows employment and permit approval.

Sources: 2026 consolidated law: LD1 and LD2 (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), 2026 consolidated law: residence card eligibility and validity (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), Temporary residence card service, fee and decision time (Ministry of Public Security), 2025 consolidated Nationality Law Article 19 (Vietnam Official Gazette), Permanent residence clock for naturalization (Ho Chi Minh City Official Gazette), Vietnamese nationality application conditions (Embassy of Vietnam in Australia), Work permit processing under Decree 219/2025 (Government of Vietnam News, summary), Vietnam immigration overview (Fragomen, summary)

LD1 work-permit-exempt residence

Foreign worker with certified work-permit exemption, including an eligible company owner or capital contributor where the exemption criteria apply. Card may last up to two years; USD 145 card fee and five-working-day card decision (maximum one month, no lower bound). Ordinary nationality requires five years after receiving a permanent-residence card; LD1 does not itself grant PR. Eligibility follows certified exemption.

Sources: 2026 consolidated law: LD1 and LD2 (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), 2026 consolidated law: residence card eligibility and validity (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), Temporary residence card service, fee and decision time (Ministry of Public Security), 2025 consolidated Nationality Law Article 19 (Vietnam Official Gazette), Permanent residence clock for naturalization (Ho Chi Minh City Official Gazette), Vietnamese nationality application conditions (Embassy of Vietnam in Australia), Work permit processing under Decree 219/2025 (Government of Vietnam News, summary)

TT family temporary residence card

Qualifying spouse or child under 18 of specified visa holders, or parent, spouse or child of a Vietnamese citizen. Card may last up to three years. Five-working-day card decision maps to max one month; no lower bound. Vietnamese-citizen spouse or child may be exempt from the ordinary five-year PR-card citizenship clock; other dependents are not. Eligibility depends on family relationship, not passport.

Sources: 2026 consolidated law: TT family class (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), 2026 consolidated law: residence card eligibility and validity (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), Temporary residence card service, fee and decision time (Ministry of Public Security), 2025 consolidated Nationality Law Article 19 (Vietnam Official Gazette), Vietnamese nationality application conditions (Embassy of Vietnam in Australia)

International Financial Center UĐ2 family residence

Spouse or child under 18 of an eligible IFC UĐ1 holder, on request of the IFC executive body. The UĐ2 card term follows the sponsor's UĐ1 term, which may be up to ten years. The card fee depends on the term actually issued (USD 145, 155 or 165), so no single application fee is asserted. The decree's three-working-day decision ceiling maps to maximum one month with no lower bound. No investment is required of the dependent. UĐ2 does not itself grant permanent residence; ordinary citizenship requires five years after a separate PR card, with statutory family exceptions. Eligibility follows the sponsor relationship, not nationality.

Sources: Decree 327/2025 Article 4: UĐ2 family residence (Vietnam Official Gazette), 2026 consolidated law: residence card eligibility and validity (National Assembly / Government of Vietnam), Temporary residence card service, fee and decision time (Ministry of Public Security), 2025 consolidated Nationality Law Article 19 (Vietnam Official Gazette), Permanent residence clock for naturalization (Ho Chi Minh City Official Gazette), Vietnamese nationality application conditions (Embassy of Vietnam in Australia)